en سوخت های جایگزین Modern Powertrain (hybrid, electric, CNG, bio, ...) پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The performance of fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) depends not only on stack efficiency but also on the dynamic interaction among hydrogen conversion, battery buffering, and vehicle-level power demand, which is strongly shaped by the imposed driving cycle. This study develops a forward-facing, multi-domain system-level model of a Toyota-Mirai-type FCEV in Simcenter Amesim, integrating the hydrogen storage and PEM fuel-cell subsystem, balance-of-plant auxiliaries, high- and low-voltage electrical buses, traction battery, power electronics, drivetrain, and a rule-based, stack-led energy-management strategy. Three standardized driving schedules WLTC, NEDC, and UDDS were simulated under identical powertrain parameters and initial conditions (80% initial SOC, ~5.0 kg hydrogen) to isolate the effect of driving-cycle dynamics on energy flow. Results show that the fuel-cell stack consistently supplies the base-load propulsion power, while the battery absorbs all regenerative-braking energy and covers transient peaks, never allowing reverse power into the stack. Although absolute hydrogen consumption and mean stack power varied substantially across cycles (166.52 g for WLTC versus 83.34 g for NEDC), the distance-normalized hydrogen economy converged to a narrow band of 0.748&ndash;0.781 kg H2/100 km, and peak stack power remained within 31.6&ndash;37.0 kW for all cases. These findings demonstrate that the stack-led energy-management strategy achieves cycle-independent efficiency and robust component utilization, providing a validated baseline for future optimization and degradation-aware control studies.</span></span><br> &nbsp; Fuel-cell electric vehicle, Hydrogen consumption , Driving cycle, Energy management strategy 5208 5223 http://ase.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-832-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amir Ansari Laleh amir.ansari.laleh@gmail.com No Iran University of Science and Technology Mohammad Hasan Shojaeefard shojaeefard@iust.ac.ir Yes Iran University of Science and Technology